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Java Operators
Operators are special symbols in Java that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result. Java has various types of operators which can be categorized as follows:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Unary Operators
- Ternary Operator
1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.
+Addition-Subtraction*Multiplication/Division%Modulus
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b)); // 15
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b)); // 5
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b)); // 50
System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b)); // 2
System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b)); // 0
}
}
2. Relational Operators
Relational operators are used to compare two values.
==Equal to!=Not equal to>Greater than<Less than>=Greater than or equal to<=Less than or equal to
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
System.out.println("Equal to: " + (a == b)); // false
System.out.println("Not equal to: " + (a != b)); // true
System.out.println("Greater than: " + (a > b)); // true
System.out.println("Less than: " + (a < b)); // false
System.out.println("Greater or equal: " + (a >= b));// true
System.out.println("Less or equal: " + (a <= b)); // false
}
}
3. Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions.
&&Logical AND||Logical OR!Logical NOT
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean x = true;
boolean y = false;
System.out.println("Logical AND: " + (x && y)); // false
System.out.println("Logical OR: " + (x || y)); // true
System.out.println("Logical NOT: " + (!x)); // false
}
}
4. Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations.
&Bitwise AND|Bitwise OR^Bitwise XOR~Bitwise Complement<<Left Shift>>Right Shift>>>Unsigned Right Shift
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 5; // 0101 in binary
int b = 3; // 0011 in binary
System.out.println("Bitwise AND: " + (a & b)); // 0001 -> 1
System.out.println("Bitwise OR: " + (a | b)); // 0111 -> 7
System.out.println("Bitwise XOR: " + (a ^ b)); // 0110 -> 6
System.out.println("Bitwise NOT: " + (~a)); // 1010 -> -6
System.out.println("Left Shift: " + (a << 1)); // 1010 -> 10
System.out.println("Right Shift: " + (a >> 1));// 0010 -> 2
System.out.println("Unsigned Right Shift: " + (a >>> 1)); // 0010 -> 2
}
}
5. Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
=Assign+=Add and assign-=Subtract and assign*=Multiply and assign/=Divide and assign%=Modulus and assign
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
a += b; // a = a + b
System.out.println("Add and assign: " + a); // 15
a -= b; // a = a - b
System.out.println("Subtract and assign: " + a); // 10
a *= b; // a = a * b
System.out.println("Multiply and assign: " + a); // 50
a /= b; // a = a / b
System.out.println("Divide and assign: " + a); // 10
a %= b; // a = a % b
System.out.println("Modulus and assign: " + a); // 0
}
}
6. Unary Operators
Unary operators are used with only one operand.
+Unary plus-Unary minus++Increment--Decrement!Logical complement
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
System.out.println("Unary plus: " + (+a)); // 10
System.out.println("Unary minus: " + (-a)); // -10
a++; // a = a + 1
System.out.println("Increment: " + a); // 11
a--; // a = a - 1
System.out.println("Decrement: " + a); // 10
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("Logical complement: " + (!b)); // true
}
}
7. Ternary Operator
The ternary operator is a shorthand for the if-else statement.
? :Conditional
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
String result = (a > b) ? "a is greater than b" : "a is not greater than b";
System.out.println(result); // a is greater than b
}
}